AEMO takes control of electricity system

"It has become impossible to operate the spot market in accordance with the provisions of the rules," the operator said.

It is the first full suspension in the history of the national energy market, which began in 1998, and means the operator will take control of directing supplies from energy generators to the east coast power grid.

As well, AEMO will set prices for every state in the market.

However it is not expected to push up retail prices paid by households and businesses.

"In the current situation, suspending the market is the best way to ensure a reliable supply of electricity for Australian homes and businesses," AEMO CEO Daniel Westerman said.

"The situation in recent days has posed challenges to the entire energy industry, and suspending the market would simplify operations during the significant outages across the energy supply chain."

The suspension is temporary and will be reviewed daily, and will be lifted when AEMO is confident the market will operate properly.

Mr Westerman said conditions would remain tight over coming days, especially in NSW, where consumers were urged to conserve energy "if it is safe to do so".

"Right now we see the market is not able to deal with all the factors thrown at it."

AEMO has been working with the sector to ensure enough power is available to avoid load shedding across five states.

Energy Minister Chris Bowen said earlier in the day he was pleased significant load-shedding events and blackouts had been avoided so far, as a cold snap, the temporary shutdown of some coal-fired power station units and high gas prices have stretched the system.

"AEMO advises me that that will likely continue to be the case that we will be able to avoid any load shedding events or any blackouts," Mr Bowen told reporters in Gladstone.

"Of course, that is subject to any unexpected outages in the system ... which is under pressure."

AEMO had directed generators to put more than 5000 megawatts into the market using its regulatory powers.

"I've made clear to AEMO that the government supports any action they choose to take to effectively manage the situation in the best interests of Australian consumers, whether they be big industrial consumers or residential consumers," Mr Bowen said.

Prime Minister Anthony Albanese urged energy companies to meet their responsibilities to customers.

"If they're not doing the right thing, the regulator will take appropriate action."

Opposition Leader Peter Dutton said there was energy security under the previous coalition government.

"This is on Labor's watch. I'm very worried for families and businesses across the country," he said.

"This is a problem of Chris Bowen's making and he needs to fix it."

The chair of the Australian Energy Regulator Clare Savage said she wrote to every generator in the east coast on Tuesday to make sure they understood their responsibilities.

"We saw the situation evolve over the weekend where there was a price cap put into the wholesale market and a number of generators who said they were available suddenly withdrew their capacity," she said.

"We wanted to be quick off the mark to communicate with these generators to put them on notice and make sure they understand their obligations."

South Australian Premier Peter Malinauskas said the country's energy market structure was broken.

"We are in a first-world country that is energy rich, and the fact we've now got Australians being told to turn porch lights off to keep the system going, that is somewhat of an embarrassment," he told ABC Radio.

"We are witnessing market failure on a grand scale."

Australian Energy Council chief executive Sarah McNamara said the current crisis in the sector was unprecedented.

"It's very challenging for generators to be expected to bring supply online," she told ABC Radio.

"It's costing them $400/MWh. If they're only going to get paid $300/MWh, that's running at a deep and significant loss."