The Albanese government announced the move on Thursday, in response to the corps' torching of a Sydney deli in October 2024, and the Adass Israel Synagogue in Melbourne in December.
Labor slammed the "cowardly" attacks carried out on Australian soil, which the government said were designed "to undermine and sow division in our multicultural society, by targeting Jewish Australians to inflict harm and stoke fear".
In August, the government expelled Iran's ambassador over intelligence indicating the Iranian group was connected through criminal proxies to the anti-Semitic attacks.
Under a new framework allowing the government to respond to state-sponsored terrorism, the Islamic Revolutionary Guard Corps has become the first listing.
Dealings with the group are now criminal offences and people found in breach face up to 25 years in jail.
Home Affairs Minister Tony Burke's decision was based on advice from the nation's intelligence and security agencies.
Foreign Minister Penny Wong said Iran's attacks were "unprecedented and dangerous acts of aggression".
"It has no place in Australia," she said.
Mr Burke said the listing further empowered Australian agencies to stamp out hatred.
"The Australian government is committed to keeping Australians safe and restricting the operation of extremists in our country, no matter their place of origin," he said.
Attorney-General Michelle Rowland said the legislative reforms introduced by Labor made it "more difficult, more risky, and more costly for malicious foreign actors to seek to cause Australia and our community harm".
Zionist Federation of Australia President Jeremy Leibler said the attacks attempted to damage the very fabric of Australian society.
"The revelations about Iran realised our worst fears and suspicions, that we are not immune from the violence of foreign actors," he said.
"The listing of the IRGC is a necessary step to ensure that terrorism is not given a foothold on Australian soil."
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