The apparent mutiny came one day after the latest public demonstration calling for President Roch Marc Christian Kabore's resignation.
On Sunday, security forces used tear gas to disperse crowds seeking to publicly support the mutineers and crowds vandalised a building occupied by the president's political party.
Defence Minister Aime Barthelemy Simpore told state broadcaster RTB that a few barracks had been affected by unrest not only in the capital of Ouagadougou but in "some cities" elsewhere too. He denied, however, that the president had been detained by the mutineers, even though Kabore's whereabouts remained unknown.
"Well, it's a few barracks. There are not too many," Simpore said. "In some of these barracks, the calm has already returned. So that's it for the moment. As I said, we are monitoring the situation."
A news headline on the state broadcaster described the gunfire as "acts of discontent by soldiers."
"Contrary to some information, no institution of the republic has been targeted," the headline continued.
At the Lamizana Sangoule military barracks in the capital, however, angry soldiers shot into the air, directing their anger over army casualties at the president.
About 100 motorcycles later left the base, chanting in support of the mutineers, but were stopped when security forces deployed tear gas.
The soldiers put a man on the phone with The Associated Press who said that they were seeking better working conditions for Burkina Faso's military amid the escalating fight against Islamic militants.
Among their demands are increased manpower in the battle against extremists and better care for those wounded and the families of the dead. The mutinous soldiers also want the military and intelligence hierarchy replaced, he said.
There were signs on Sunday that their demands were supported by many in Burkina Faso who are increasingly distressed by the attacks blamed on al-Qaida and Islamic State-linked groups.
Thousands have died in recent years from those attacks and around 1.5 million people have been displaced.
"We want the military to take power," said Salif Sawadogo as he tried to avoid tear gas on the streets of Ouagadougou. "Our democracy is not stable."
Kabore first took office in 2015, winning the election held after longtime President Blaise Compaore was ousted in a popular uprising.
Still, Kabore has faced growing opposition since his re-election in November 2020 as the country's Islamic extremism crisis has deepened. Last month he fired his prime minister and replaced most of the cabinet, but critics have continued calling for his resignation.
