The overnight attack mostly targeted western regions of the country, the air force said on Thursday, where much of the military aid provided by Ukraine's Western allies is believed to be delivered and stored.
The strikes killed at least one person and injured 15 others, according to officials.
It was Russia's third-largest aerial attack of 2025 in terms of the number of drones fired and the eighth-largest in terms of missiles, according to official figures, with most such Russian attacks hitting civilian areas.
The strikes occurred during a renewed US-led effort to reach a peace settlement following Russia's February 2022 invasion of its neighbour.
US President Donald Trump discussed the war with Russian President Vladimir Putin in Alaska last week, and at the start of this week hosted Ukrainian President Volodymyr Zelenskiy and European leaders at the White House.
Ukraine and European leaders have accused Putin of stalling in ongoing peace efforts, including Ukraine's proposal of a ceasefire and Zelenskiy's offer to sit down with the Russian leader.
The Kremlin has reacted coolly to those possibilities.
Zelenskiy condemned the overnight attack, saying it was carried out "as if nothing were changing at all".
Moscow had shown no signs of pursuing meaningful negotiations to end the war, Zelenskiy said, urging the international community to respond with stronger pressure on Moscow, including tougher sanctions and tariffs.
Ukraine, meanwhile, has kept up its attacks with domestically produced long-range drones on infrastructure inside Russia that supports Moscow's war effort.
Among other targets, it has hit oil refineries, and Russian wholesale gasoline prices have reached record highs in recent days.
Ukraine's Foreign Minister Andrii Sybiha said Russia struck a "major American electronics manufacturer" in western Ukraine.
He provided no further details but Zelenskiy said the company produces domestic appliances.
Western parts of Ukraine are far from the battlefield's front line in the east and south of the country, where a grinding war of attrition has killed tens of thousands of soldiers on both sides.
In comments on Wednesday that were embargoed until Thursday, Zelenskiy said Ukraine would hold intensive meetings to understand what kind of security guarantees its allies are willing to provide.
The details are being hammered out by national security advisers and military officials.
The plans would become clearer within 10 days, Zelenskiy said.
He then expects to be ready to hold direct talks with Putin for the first time since the full-scale invasion.
The talks could also be conducted in a trilateral format alongside Trump, Zelenskiy said.
A venue for the meeting is being discussed, and Switzerland, Austria and Turkey are possibilities, Zelenskiy said.
Russian Foreign Minister Sergey Lavrov said on Wednesday that working on security arrangements in Ukraine without Moscow's involvement was not feasible, according to state news agency RIA Novosti.
Zelenskiy said that in his meeting with Trump in the Oval Office on Monday he sought to convince the American president that the battlefield situation was not as bad for Ukraine as Putin portrayed.
Zelenskiy pointed to errors in the US map of the front line that he said showed Russia holding more territory than it actually did.
