FBI officers sounded the alarm in May, alerting authorities that an Australian user had referenced terrorist attacks on social media.
Police executed a search warrant at a home in Warner, in Brisbane's northwest, on May 27, seizing several electronic devices.
Officers allege the 18-year-old was the operator of several social media channels where extremist content was shared supporting violence against people of Muslim, Jewish and migrant backgrounds.
Devices located during the search allegedly contained violent extremist material, as well as child abuse content.
The teenager was charged with 30 offences including using a carriage to transmit violent extremist material, using a carriage service to harass or cause offence and possessing or controlling child abuse material.
He first appeared before court on May 27 and was remanded in custody.
Australian Federal Police's Anthony Conway said officers were focused on national security by identifying offenders who posted extremist material and advocated violence online.
"Protecting the community from harm is our highest priority, so when we receive information suggesting individuals are promoting or encouraging violence online, we take swift action," Detective Superintendent Conway said.
"We are committed to working with all communities to reduce the radicalisation risk of vulnerable young people."
The 18-year-old is expected to reappear in Pine Rivers Magistrates Court on Friday.
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